Tenses

Tenses

Dalam tenses bahasa Inggris, ada 3 keterangan waktu yang dijadikan acuan tenses. Ketiga waktu itu yaitu : past(waktu lampau), present(waktu sekarang), future(waktu akan datang).

1.    Past(lampau)

A.    Simple Past Tense

Tensis ini menjelaskan tentang suatu aktivitas atau keadaan yang mulai dan selesai di waktu lampau. Tensis ini biasanya diikuti keterangan waktu lampau. Contohnya : yesterday, three days ago, last week, dan lain-lain.

Formula/bentuk simple past secara umum yaitu :

·         Jika diikuti kata kerja

Subject + V2 + O + Adverb of Past Time(additional).

Contoh kalimat :

1.      I walked to school yesterday.

2.      I bought a new car three days ago.

3.      I  went to cinema last week.

·         Jika diikuti kata sifat(to be)

S + Was/Were + Adjective + Adverb of Past Time(additional).

Contoh kalimat :

1.      I was late yesterday.

2.      They were clever two years ago, but not now.

B.    Past Progressive Tense

POLA :

S + Was/Were + V-ing.

·         digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain terjadi/menyela.

POLA :

When + Subject + V2 + Subject + Was/Were + V-ing.

Subject + Was/Were + V-ing + When + Subject + V2.

·         digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kegiatan berlangsung bersamaan di waktu lampau

POLA :

S + Was/Were + V-ing + While + Was/Were + V-ing.

While + S + Was/Were + V-ing + S + Was/Were + V-ing.

While + S + Was/Were + V-ing + S2 + V2.

·         digunakan menyatakan suatu tindakan yang sedang berlangsung pada suatu waktu spesifik di masa lampau.

·         Stative verb tidak dipergunakan dalam tense bentuk ini

Contoh kalimat :

1.      I was walking down the street when it began to rain.

2.      While I was walking down the street, it began to rain.

3.      While I was studying in one room of your apartment, your roommate was having party in the other room.

4.      The engine was running when it suddenly stopped.

5.      When Fini came home, Nana was watching television.

6.      Fini was watching television while Nana was reading a book.

7.      While Sera was reading a book, Karin was watching television.

8.      While Gery was watching television. Gera read a book.

9.      Prabu was watching TV at 7 last night.

C.     Past Perfect Tense

digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan/tindakan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau, biasanya ada dua atau lebih kegiatan yang beriringan.

Formula/bentuk umum past perfect tense yaitu :

·         S + Had + V3 + (by the time, before, after, dll) + S + V2.

·         (by the time, before, after, dll) + S + Had + V3 + S + V2.

·         (by the time, before, after, dll) + S + V2 + S + Had + V3.

·         S + V2 + (by the time, before, after, dll) + S + Had + V3.

Contoh kalimat :

1.      Sam had already left by the time Ann got there.

2.      Sam left before Ann got there.

3.      After the guests had left, I went to bed.

4.      Fini had gone to the store before she went home.

5.      Before Fini went to campus, she had had her breakfast.

6.      After Fini had had her breakfast, she went to campus.

7.      Fini went to campus after she had had her breakfast.

D.    Past Perfect Progressive Tense

digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai sebelum waktu pembicaraan pada waktu lampau dan berjalan terus sampai waktu itu, atau baru saja selesai/terjadi sebelum orang itu berbicara.

POLA :

·         S + Had + Been + V-ing.

·         S + Had + Been + V-ing + O + Connector + S + V2 + O.

Contoh kalimat :

1.      The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him.

2.      I went  to Jane’s home after the funeral. Her eyes were red because she had been crying.

3.      Ratu had been living in Bandung for ten years before she moved to Boston.

4.      Dee had been working for an educational consultant for five years before he retired.

5.      I had been waiting for a bus for twenty minutes when I saw you.